Mercury in the Amazon: transnational criminal networks, socioenvironmental vulnerability, and governance challenges

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dc.advisorGoverno do Brasil
dc.advisorInstituto Itaúsa
dc.contributor.authorAgência Brasileira de Inteligência
dc.contributor.authorFórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública
dc.contributor.authorMinistério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima
dc.contributor.author1Brazilian Intelligence Agency
dc.contributor.author1Brazilian Forum on Public Safety
dc.contributor.author1Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-31T20:02:03Z
dc.date.issued2025-10
dc.description.resumoAmong the main findings of the report, the following stand out: * The demonstration that Indigenous and riverside populations are among the most affected by Mercury contamination, with alarming levels of exposure; * The identification of cross-border mercury smuggling routes, with emphasis on flows originating from Bolivia and Guyana; * The finding that Brazil is one of the main destinations for smuggled mercury in South America, used mostly in illegal mining operations; * The analysis of the criminal structures involved in the mercury supply chain, which operate with high adaptability and regional coordination; * The observation that the Minamata Convention has succeeded in curbing the legal trade of Mercury among signatory countries, although major challenges remain in controlling illegal flows; * The emphasis on the need for coordinated actions among Amazonian countries to contain the illicit flow of the metal and mitigate its socioenvironmental impacts. The data presented throughout this work reveal the existence of a regional mercury circulation system, which is closely related to the illegal gold extraction circuit. The irregular entry of mercury from Brazil’s neighboring countries has been, for at least ten years, the main source of the liquid metal used in Amazonian mining operations, highlighting the need for strategies that take into account the regional context of the issue. Considering the regional and cross-border nature of mercury smuggling, the proposed solutions must include coordination among the security and Intelligence agencies of the countries sharing this problem. Although nearly all nations in the region have adhered to the Minamata Convention, the criminal groups operating around the Amazon have succeeded in identifying locations where oversight remains weak, using these points to establish networks capable of sustaining regional mercury demand circuits.
dc.identifier.citation1BRAZILIAN INTELLIGENCE AGENCY; BRAZILIAN FORUM ON PUBLIC SECURITY; MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE. Mercury in the Amazon: criminal networks, socio-environmental vulnerability, and challenges for governance. Executive summary. São Paulo: Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública, 2025.
dc.identifier.urihttps://publicacoes.forumseguranca.org.br/handle/123456789/287
dc.languageen
dc.publisher.countryBrasil
dc.subjectSmuggling – Mercury
dc.subjectOrganized crime – Gold mining – Brazil
dc.subjectCriminal networks
dc.subjectPublic security – Amazon
dc.subjectSocio-environmental vulnerability
dc.subjectAmazon – Illegal mining
dc.subjectMining law – Brazil
dc.subjectContrabando - Mercúrio
dc.subjectCrime organizado – Mineração de ouro – Brasil
dc.subjectRedes criminosas
dc.subjectSegurança Pública – Amazônia
dc.subjectVulnerabilidade socioambiental
dc.subjectAmazônia - Mineração ilegal
dc.subjectDireito mineral - Brasil
dc.titleMercury in the Amazon: transnational criminal networks, socioenvironmental vulnerability, and governance challenges
dc.title.alternativeExecutive summary
dc.typeLivro

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